Psychotherapist qanda with your host, Groany Jones (aka me): why do health care professionals struggle with mental health? #anecdotalevidenceisunderrated #embracelevel5

Groany Jones: You have experience with clients that are health care professionals. In your experience, what are some of the commonest factors contributing to mental illness in these people?

Psychotherapist: Yes, I certainly have experience working therapeutically with a wide range of healthcare professionals. Common themes that come up include:

  • Inadequate or poor quality supervision
  • A mismatch between a supervisor and my client
  • Long working hours and the effects of shift work
  • Sleep deprivation
  • Poor nutrition
  • Ongoing pressures of study and exams
  • A work culture which places high and sometimes unrealistic expectations on its workers and construes healthcare professionals as “invulnerable”
  • A workplace hierarchy which can disempower workers by discouraging protest and complaints
  • Bullying in the workplace
  • Inadequate support – both professional and personal
  • Inability to address work-life imbalance
  • Fear of judgment, fear of failing, fear about the future
  • Poor self-esteem, lack of confidence
  • Financial pressures
  • Relational issues at work and at home
  • Family responsibilities and obligations
  • Vicarious traumatization, burnout, and compassion fatigue
  • Previously untreated and unrecognized mental health issues
  • Poor self-care
  • Growing sense of alienation, loss of zest for life, loss of sense of vitality
  • Inability to self-soothe and self-regulate in healthy ways
  • Unwillingness to talk about problems and issues for fear of being diagnosed with a mental health condition
  • Fear of mandatory reporting

@darthuglyskull: that’s a lot of issues, many of which relate to toxic medical culture #psychotherapistqanda

@violettotoro: the loss of these young lives is so tragic. We must bring about change! #psychotherapistqanda

 Groany Jones: – and what strategies usually help people to recover from their difficulties? To cope with their mental illness and the issues within medical culture? 

There are many strategies that can help health workers cope with these factors. The most important ones are not to withdraw emotionally and socially, to keep connected to one’s support network, to have trusted confidantes and to keep oneself involved with the things one feels passionate about (outside work and one’s career aspirations). Attention to sleep, nutrition, exercise, one’s deeper (spiritual) self, and mindfulness techniques are also helpful.

Seeking the support of an experienced, trusted and competent therapist can also assist one in feeling less alone, less ill-equipped and more hopeful, more in touch with one’s strengths and competencies. When under stress we often lose touch with the tools we already have in our toolboxes. Talking to an experienced therapist can help to put things into perspective and to see new pathways and possibilities, which were not available to us when under duress. The benefits of regular debriefing with a trained professional are enormous.

Groany Jones: Thank you psychotherapist. That’s all for tonight. #rollcredits

Australian Defence Force Mental Health Reform Program: a model for medical training? Periodic review and standardised benchmarks essential #expandingbureaucracy

By Dr Kate Johnson, in collaboration with unnamed colleagues in the military

The Australian Defence Force (ADF) and the Department of Veteran Affairs (DVA) has gotten a bad rap for their mental health services of late. Certainly, their program isn’t perfect. However, discussion with my defence force colleagues quickly revealed that defence is eons ahead of NSW health, with at least a decade of dedicated effort to combat stigma, promote awareness, develop suicide prevention programs and an integrated peer support and mental health network for personnel. Of course, the two industries are not directly comparable. Defence structure lends itself to an integrated environment, with a strong sense of camaraderie. There are also differences in budget allocation. Moreover, work in defence brings unique challenges, such as traumatic deployment experiences, absence from family and support networks and transition from defence to the community. Rates of PTSD are higher, unsurprisingly, as are affective disorders in men. However, overall, the rates of mental health disorders are similar to the general community. Barriers to help seeking are also remarkably similar to those identified by the National Mental Health Survey for Doctors and Medical Students, 2013: fears of reduced deployability, perceived stigma and feared impact on career prospects. The 2010 ADF Mental Health and Wellbeing executive report showed that whilst suicidal ideation and planning was higher in defence, defence personnel were more likely to express their thoughts and less likely to complete suicide. The defence force puts this down to the positive impact of their mental health initiatives. As such, a review into the ADF initiatives and their potential applicability to medical training could be fruitful.

I will give an overview of the ADF program here, as a bit of food for thought:

  • Full time uniformed members of the defence force are provided with comprehensive (free of charge) health services. Primary health care (medical/GP, dental, physio, mental health and rehab) is mostly provided on base by a combination of uniformed and contracted health professionals.
  • Specialist services such as psychiatry are referred out to contracted providers.
  • Defence has developed resilience programs for personnel, families and those leaving defence.
  • At the same time, “Keep Your Mates Safe” is a training program that teaches colleagues to recognize distress in others. Personnel are also trained in psychological first aid and appropriate referral to support services. A separate program is provided for mentors and team leaders.
  • Specific psychological preparation programs are provided at stress points, such as pre-deployment, deployment and post-deployment.
  • Friend and family visits are supported and integrated within the structure of deployment.
  • Should someone suffer a mental health issue, there are resources for psychological rehab and return to service.
  • Surveys are conducted which inform unit commanders about factors impacting the behavior and motivation of the personnel in their unit. The survey is standardized so that comparisons can occur between units, over time and against established benchmarks.
  • An ADF centre for mental health has been built, which coordinates treatment programs. There are regional mental health teams and resources for tele-psychiatry.
  • Significant effort has gone into developing E-health resources and a smart phone app.
  • Defence also recognizes that rigorous research and auditing is a priority, to fill knowledge gaps and provide objective data on outcomes from their mental health program.
  • The whole program is reviewed periodically by the Mental Health Advisory Group, which then provides strategic and practical advice.

Of course, it is unrealistic to expect NSW health to set up a centralized free health service for doctors. However, many of these initiatives are applicable to medical training. For instance, training programs in psychological first aid are certainly practicable, especially for those hoping to act as mentors and supervisors to trainees. The need for psychological rehabilitation programs and options for return to work are also particular areas of need. Most of all, I think the idea of independent oversight, standardized benchmarks, department or college wide surveys based on these benchmarks and periodic auditing of progress is essential, given the structure of medical training is complex and it is easy to have partial changes, with insufficient follow through. Oversight and feedback should make it harder to sweep doctors mental health under the carpet once again. I am interested to know your opinions and look forward to your comments!

References:

Girl with a negative cognitive style

It is hard for me to tell this story. A voice in me says, ‘no-one cares’, ‘what would you know anyway’ and ‘you have no right to enter this discussion.’ I am afraid of inciting personal criticism for my flaws and mistakes, of people recognizing me, of being exposed as a failure and blacklisted by potential employers. However, I am sharing my story because I think this is more important. I want to open up the dialogue to people who are struggling in silence, because arguably, these are the people we need to listen to if things are to change.

To introduce myself, I am a female doctor, who works in Sydney and did not grow up here. My social network consists entirely of associates and a few friends, who I see infrequently. There is no-one to whom I tell my secrets, except my psychologist. Through work with my psychologist, I have become conscious of how my negative cognitive style and negative core beliefs influence my experiences. I am also socially anxious and introverted. I struggle with confidence and am not a natural leader. So, stepping up to work as a registrar presented challenges in itself and these factors certainly coloured the experiences that follow.

I started as a registrar in 2015, as a green and optimistic PGY3. My first term was in a tertiary centre and went well. I hadn’t a clue what I was doing, but I felt supported. Second term I was seconded to a rural centre and the story was very different. Three days into the term, one of the trainees had to take time off due to family illness, throwing the roster into chaos. The roster changed five times during the 13 week term and in the end, one of the trainees ended up with mostly days, including a ridiculous number of weekends with no break, whilst I ended up with a disproportionate number of nights. I also worked a run of 11days, alternating 8am to 6pm and 8am to 8pm. Needless to say, I remember reaching shift 8 or 9 in an emotionally labile state. My response to a question about a catheter was bursting into tears! The consultants provided minimal support for us, very junior registrars. I remember one of the registrars was extremely stressed day two of the term, because he didn’t know what to do about a lady with a serious tachyarrhythmia, but his consultant provided no guidance!

Midway during the term, a nurse in the HDU had some difficulty inserting a nasogastric tube, so I tried to advance it further. The NG went through the patient’s diaphragm. Another weekend, a patient died on my shift due to delayed identification of hypoglycemia. Then, being tired after a night shift, I chose an unsatisfactory article for journal club. All in all, I really wasn’t a favorite. A particular consultant felt so anyway when he decided to call the intern for all communications, not me. Then when the intern broke down, I made the mistake of confronting him about it. As a result, he yelled at me and told the supervisor there were serious concerns about my competence, citing incidents above. This led to various meetings, discussing my lack of competence. Then, when I dared to take a patient to the HDU for high flow nasal prongs overnight, because I misinterpreted a multiply corrected advanced care directive I was shamed in front of the department for inappropriate management. The final straw – with a thirty patient list, I was struggling to teach my JMO prioritization skills and because of a delayed consult, another consultant started complaining about my competence. To my face I was told I needed to provide more supervision for my juniors. My end of term feedback was- if you don’t improve dramatically, you should seek a new career.

Shiftwork meant I barely saw the other registrars. I remember feeling very isolated out there, none of those fables where friendly consultants invite you to their homes for dinner or take you to see their farm. I coped, as always, by exercising, listening to audiobooks (particularly the Hitchhiker’s Guide), retail therapy and ranting at my friends over text. But I felt overwhelmed, hopeless and trapped. I didn’t see any future worth having, yet I didn’t want to burden my hard working parents with grief should I die. Instead I took 40x 25mg phenergen so I could sleep for a while and forget. When seeking help from my more senior registrar friends, they nodded knowingly; at least one term like this was to be expected. I didn’t seek help from the program director till quite late in the term. I didn’t trust them and I was ashamed, and when I did, I received no substantive support. Since there was less than a week left, it seemed, there wasn’t much use looking into it, though it took me several months to recover any confidence in my abilities, much longer to recover any self worth and the perpetrators went on to bully many another trainee. In fact, now the main bully has been promoted to director of education at the rural site, despite several complaints, and people wonder why we are cynical and silent? To be fair, the supervisors from my home hospital were kind people, who were more overworked, burnt out and exhausted than me and that is probably a large part of the problem.

Anyway, I managed to get through the following terms through the kindness and patience of my amazing colleagues and consultants back home. I went through several psychologists before finding one I gelled with (and one with flexible appointment times). Through her, I had someone to talk to, to help to process my experiences. I learnt to express myself through painting and writing. I reawakened old hobbies. Further challenges awaited me in the following year. Bullying. Exam stress. Burn out. I still struggle to get up everyday, to see a future, but I am learning to question my pervasive negativity and to seek opportunities, despite potential failure. I hope by sharing this story I am able to help somebody who is feeling alone and unsupported. I also hope that by inspiring others to do the same, we might encourage those in power to embrace the multiplicity of reasons why suicide happens (individual, systematic) instead of looking to a list of two to three tick box solutions before moving on – good, good, got rid of that mandatory reporting, put an exercise program in place etc. Perhaps that way, THIS time, we may achieve change.