We got the glow in our mouths. Job Hunt Season’s Out. #Lorde #Wailingtunelessly. Groany Jones reflects on the struggles, triumphs and deep, deep troughs whilst bemoaning the unfair job hunt system with Lorde-like lyricism.

After seeing some of my JMOs struggle with the peaks and troughs of the job hunt season, I thought it might be useful to share some of my experiences. My hope is that my experiences might normalize the angst, disappointment and dejection for some and give hope to those who think that their future is lost, because they didn’t get the job they wanted the first time around. (It isn’t supposed to reflect negatively on any individual, hospital or college).

When I was a JMO I was totally naïve and optimistic. I was one of those junior doctors, who flew through life, never failing at anything. In fact, studying medicine caused me considerable angst because I wasn’t able to get the number 1 mark or win prizes (even though my overall marks were perfectly fine). My self-esteem was built on comparing myself to others. That is, it was on very unstable ground – one minute, “I’m definitely the greatest”. Next, “I’m the worst person ever. I should just quit” etc. To top this off I had a healthy sense of entitlement. In any meritocracy, I deserved to be amongst the best, in the most prestigious and competitive inner city jobs and I harbored considerable resentment when my expectations weren’t fulfilled (which was often, since I am also a very negative person with a pathological skill in finding reasons why I am falling below expectations).

You should also know that (other than the interview to get into medicine) prior to my first job hunt season as a JMO, I had never done an interview. Being proactive enough to realize this deficiency, I attended an interview trainer weekly for about 4 months, at a cost of $300 per session. In this time I went from being clueless AF – i.e. thinking “I want to come to this place to work, because it sounds like a cool place and is near my home” or “I am good at stuff, so hire me” were totally legitimate answers, to being a decent and very well prepared interviewee. I wrote lists of my qualities, spelled out my goals, wrote example after example to illustrate my qualities and I recorded it all on my iphone, so I could play it back, see if I could fix that monotone, get rid of that maybe or lengthy pause. I went through the torture of being videoed so I could see all of my destructive, self effacing mannerisms. My CV was checked and checked again by at least 5 or 6 people and all agreed that my CV was solid. When I filled in the boxes on the erecruit website I labored over every single word and I preinterviewed at every possible location. If effort was the key to success, then I was certainly entitled to it!

However, soaring heights were not in my fate! Perhaps the wild flapping of a frightened chicken better reflects my level of success. I applied to at least 13 jobs and only got 3 interviews. Only 1 of these was in an inner city hospital. Many of my colleagues were similarly disappointed, whilst others had 6 or 7 interviews (or in 1 case, 11!). Then on interview day, I performed reasonably. At least, I thought I did my interview practice justice, despite nerves. I really fell apart on 1 question and unfortunately it was at the interview for the prestigious inner city hospital. Anyway, the whole emotionally exhausting and disappointing experience resulted in me remaining at my home hospital, which was my last preference. Should I be ashamed to tell you that I cried bitter tears that evening over the phone to one of my previous registrars? I bemoaned the lack of meritocracy: “So and so is going to this inner city hospital and they are no better than me! No-one even gave me a chance!”

I know my faults contribute to my middling success (I am a quiet, socially anxious person who struggles to please. I have never had the knack of “sycophancy”. I have never been popular). However, my first job hunt season (and subsequent ones have only confirmed this) showed that medicine is not a meritocracy. Individuals and particular institutions strive to achieve meritocracy, sure, and certain departments are more systematic in their selection process. But there are certain tacitly accepted rules. We all know that internal candidates are more likely to be hired for certain jobs, a nepotism medicine is strangely proud of. If you are the internal candidate who is rejected, you were probably unlucky enough to piss off someone powerful, for reasons potentially frivolous (including unintentional implicit bias). On the other hand, when external candidates are hired the hiring seems to go in unofficial networks (people from hospitals A, B and C are more likely to get hired within A, B or C). If you are hired from outside A, B or C, a powerful doctor within your institution may have recommended you in an informal phone call or you may have a relative, spouse or some other connection within A, B or C. Who of us do not know of a well liked PGY3 who got onto a program, whilst highly qualified PGY6s languish in unaccredited jobs? In a practice, which is equally frustrating, it is expected that we will interview for jobs for which the candidate has already been chosen (often internally or following preinterviews) and the interview itself is just a pretense to please bureaucracy. Needless to say, this is all very hard when internships are allocated randomly. Imagine how difficult it must be to come from a rural location. Your mountain to a training position in a tertiary centre is that much steeper.

That said, I did not start this story to bitch and moan about the failings of our job selection system. I just want to put it out there that the job selection period is emotionally fraught for many of us and that the job selection system really isn’t fair. You and I, we cannot control the systemic issues facing us. Yet when I was more junior, I spent a lot of energy feeling like a reject and a failure. At other times, I raged against the system, feeling resentful and bitter. However, in hindsight, I am no worse off for falling off the path of inner city hospital glory. I trained at an excellent tertiary centre. I got into the advanced training program I wanted. I even emailed a lovely fancy inner city hospital doctor for advice about fellowship plans and she told me it mattered not whether I had worked at a fancy inner city hospital. Rather, I had to do a PhD (ha haaaa). Many of my friends went to rounds 2 or 3 looking for jobs each year, yet now they are on their training programs of choice. Colleagues who were awful, malicious, selfish or otherwise terrible and got inner city jobs got their comeuppance. None of this makes it easier to have your well laid plans up turned, to have to go back to the drawing board and choose a different specialty, spend a year in gen med, on research, locuming… None of this makes it easier to deal with a system that isn’t fair every year. But since we can’t change the system (except in frustratingly parkinsonian steps) I want to try to help you through it by putting your struggles out there, by normalizing the misery of it and by reminding you that unexpected paths may lead to excellent places.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Calling for nuance and context in discussions of gender and mental health! Reviewing the discussion of gender on SBS insight, 20th of June. #morethanmeetstheeye #interveneforall

Thank you Jenny Brockie and the Insight team for a fantastic episode of Insight on Tuesday, 20th of June. It was an honest exploration of the struggle we face as medical students and junior doctors and I admire the participants for being brave enough to put their face on television. I could not do it! However, I have some comments to make on the turn towards gender, particularly towards the higher prevalence of burn out and mental illness in females. Dr Charlie Corke’s comments and the discussion that followed left me disconcerted. To be fair, the half hour time slot gave little time for context and nuance. My intensive care colleagues assure me that his comments were based on a recent survey of Intensive Care trainees focusing on bullying, harassment and discrimination and that, based on the data, his conclusions were reasonable. I don’t have access to this data. However, his article in MJA insight is indeed most excellent. Read it here (2). 

However, I still insist that a time limited discussion of the female gender bias in mental illness and burnout was not a useful direction for the discussion and was counterproductive. For those that missed it, an excerpt from the transcript is here:

JENNY BROCKIE:  Is there a difference in the experience for men and women do you think?  

CHARLIE:  Can I answer that?

JENNY BROCKIE: Yes, sure.   

CHARLIE:  I thought that burn out was something that happened to elderly doctors and made them, elderly male doctors and made them grumpy, but the evidence is that young girls are very vulnerable and they’re very vulnerable, we believe, because they’re so highly, have such high internal expectations of their, and drive themselves much harder and are disappointed by themselves.

JENNY BROCKIE:  Is this imperial Charlie or is this…

CHARLIE:  That’s from research that has been done.  The issue is for me that you know, I don’t have to tell them that they’re not doing very well. They are just absolutely fierce on themselves.

JENNY BROCKIE:  Reaction to that?  

CHARLIE:  The ability to be fair to yourself I think is a problem in young high achieving girls.

LIZZY:  I’ve certainly noticed that it’s, yeah, three women on the panel tonight.  I think we all have our strengths as well as our own self-awareness of our vulnerabilities. Having male colleagues as well I find that they’re much more able to say, you know what, I’m take a day off to go to the dentist or I’m take a day off to do this and they’re able to just kind of go too bad, I’m not going to work today or I need do this. Whereas myself and my other female colleagues do that sense of greater responsibility or I must stay on.

JENNY BROCKIE:  What do you think Arghya?   

ARGHYA:  Yeah, I think there’s definitely some gender bias, it is easier for a guy to take a day or just, you know, sort of get out on time and say okay I’m going now. I’ve found female colleagues do have to justify themselves a bit more.

I don’t contest the fact that women in medicine are more likely to suffer burn out and mental illness (as defined by the DSMV criteria). The Beyond Blue National Mental Health Survey of Doctors and Medical Students indicates that there is a gender disparity in rates of current psychological distress, mental health disorders (particularly anxiety and depression), thoughts of suicide and attempted suicide. However, rates of detection of mental illness and patterns of coping behaviours in medicine reflect similar patterns occurring in society as a whole, where men are more likely to suffer alcohol dependence and antisocial personality disorder and are less likely to seek help for distress. They are also less likely to attempt suicide, but are more likely to be successful (2,6). Any discussion of gender bias in mental illness should embrace all of these facts.

Moreover, efforts to prevent mental illness and suicide have to be generalized. Identified risk factors for suicide are neither sensitive nor specific enough to target prevention efforts. So, if we cannot make changes based on gender-bias in mental illness, how useful is it to point it out on national television? Discussing risk factors can be useful. For instance, we know junior doctors have higher rates of burn out and mental illness than our senior colleagues, so prevention efforts should be particularly targeted at stressful career transition points, earlier in one’s career. However, other than addressing female specific stressors, such as the unjustified career persecution women face for getting pregnant and taking maternity leave, why would we make a gender-targeted burn out and mental illness prevention program? Especially since the data from Beyond Blue suggests that men in medicine are much more susceptible to psychological distress and mental illness than the general population (2).

I also contest that these statistics shouldn’t be considered in isolation from the history of “madness” and “gender” (3,7). Our definitions of mental illness arose from a world where madness was a female malady. Symptoms of madness were defined by female distress. Moreover, feminist critics, including Jane Ussher, argue that centering madness on feminine traits was a method to delegitimise reasonable female distress in response to external factors- read: maybe burn out is a legitimate response to work stressors, not a problem with the high achieving females. In a systematic review by Afifi (2007), he suggests that socialisation influences our responses to stress, with men socialized to express anger and act out, where women express dysphoria (1). This is important for our interpretation of data. With definitions of mental illness skewed towards “female traits”, it is unsurprising that women are overrepresented in diagnoses of depression and anxiety, whilst men are more likely to suffer substance abuse. In 2013, a study by Martin et al showed that alternative depression scales that include masculine coping behaviors (anger attacks, irritability, aggression, substance abuse and risk taking behaviors) eliminated the discrepancy in rates of depression between genders (5).

Thus, Dr Charlie Corke was not wrong. Women are vulnerable to burn out. However, I urge you to consider ALL of the statistics, to consider how definitions of distress and mental illness influence the results of surveys and to consider the importance of historical and social context. Otherwise, we do our male and female colleagues a disservice.

Acknowledgements

Thank you Karen Druce for ensuring I don’t say anything completely ignorant and for adding your expertise.

References

  1. Afifi, M. (2007). Gender differences in mental health. Singapore Medical Journal. 48 (5): 385.
  2. Beyond Blue, National Mental Health Survey of Doctors and Medical Students. October 2013.
  3. Corke, Charlie. Have the Courage to Act on Burnout. MJA Insight, Feb 2017. https://www.doctorportal.com.au/mjainsight/2017/7/have-the-courage-to-act-on-burnout/
  4. Foucault, M. (1965). Madness and Civilization: A history of insanity in the age of reason. New York: Vintage Books.
  5. Martin, L.A. Neighbors, H.W. Griffith, D.M. The Experience of Symptoms of Depression in Men Vs Women: An Analysis of the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. JAMA Psychiatry. 2013;70(10):1100-1106. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.1985; http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/1733742
  6. Men’s Health Forum: Statistics on mental health and Men. June 2016. https://www.menshealthforum.org.uk/key-data-mental-health
  7. SBS Insight: “Why are rates of mental illness so high among junior doctors and nurses?” http://www.sbs.com.au/news/insight/tvepisode/critical-care
  8. Ussher, Professor Jane. The madness of Women: Myth and Experience. Routledge, 2011. https://books.google.com.au/books?id=WSWpAgAAQBAJ&lpg=PA1&dq=Jane%20M.%20Ussher%3A%20The%20Madness%20of%20Women%3A%20Myth%20and%20Experience%202011&lr&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q=Jane%20M.%20Ussher:%20The%20Madness%20of%20Women:%20Myth%20and%20Experience%202011&f=false